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Portrait of Otto von Bismarck c.1875 Introduction In 1862, Otto von Bismarck advocated “The great questions of the day will not be settled by means of speeches and majority decisions, but by iron and blood’. [1] By 1871, Germany was unified. In the histography of today, Bismarck is seen as the mastermind behind the emergence of the German Empire. Bismarck’s management of the economy is assessed in the first section of the essay. Ian Mitchell and John Breuilly argue that Bism

A punch comic from 1858 depicting three diseases found within the Thames River -Cholera, Scrofula and Diphtheria Labelled as the “Epidemic Century”, the 19th century in Britain has been seen as one of the most decisive shapers of History. This influential period of change rose within the landscape of the Industrial Revolution and with this came a dark cloud that threatened the new way of life of the British population. Mass urbanization and industrialization paved the way for

The Yan’an Rectification Campaign was an ideological mass movement carried out by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from 1942 to 1944...

Sun Yat-Sen (1866-1925), the first president of the Republic of China, left a deep political and intellectual legacy, so much so that he is still claimed as a Founding Father of modern China. In 1940, Sun Yat-sen was decreed to be Guofu , or ‘The Father of the Nation’ in reflection of his pivotal role in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty and the subsequent establishment of the Republic of China in 1912. Sun occupies a unique historical position, as the ideologically opposed

To understand how far dissent can explain the collapse of the Soviet Union, this essay will assess the role of dissent within the...

Harem of Sultan Khalid bin Barghash after the bombardment A Day in History - 27th August 1896 The shortest war in history began and ended within the timeframe of 38 minutes. In the fallout of the Scramble for Africa , the Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty of 1890 was signed, which gave control of Zanzibar and Tanganyika (now Tanzania) to Britain and Germany respectively. After a supposed poisoning of the previous sultan ruler, Khalid bin Barghash installed himself as sultan in Aug

Part of a map of France, 1914 included with the British Official History. A Day in History: 24th August 1914 The Battle of Mons, a pivotal engagement in the early days of World War I, stands as a testament to the valiant resistance the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) put forth. Fought on August 23 and 24 1914, near the Belgian town of Mons, the battle marked the first major clash between the Allies and the Central Powers. From the German perspective, the battle proved a str

Adolf Hitler (far right, seated) with his army comrades of the Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment 16 (circa 1914–18) Introduction The historiographical theory of the German Sonderweg has received rich attention from academic thinkers and historians since the 1960s. According to J.N. Retallack, the theory considers Germany to have followed a course from aristocracy to democracy unlike any other within Europe. [1] Employing different historical perspectives, historians reach

A Day in History: 23rd August 1305 Born around 1270, William Wallace was a Scottish knight who became one of the main leaders during the First War of Scottish Independence. The legendary figure cemented his reputation at the Battle of Stirling Bridge , defeating the English Army against all the odds. On August 5, 1305, Wallace was betrayed by an English nobleman named John Menteith leading to his capture near Glasgow. Wallace was executed using one of the most brutal punishme

First, the term nationalism will be discussed within the scope of African history, followed by the notion of ‘elite men’. This essay will...

No German General from the Second World War was publicized in wartime propaganda as often or as positively as Erwin Rommel. The Nazi Propagandaministerium ( Pro-Mi ) worked tirelessly to present Rommel as the face of the Afrikakorps and elevate his status to that of a national hero. His victories in the North African theatre of war, from 1941-42, also brought him recognition and praise from his Commonwealth opponents, particularly the British press. After being implicated i

This writing will focus predominantly on the First and the Second Punic Wars (264-146 BCE), in which the Roman Army fought against the...

This essay will discuss the main factors that attracted women to fascism from the perspective of inter-war Italy and Germany, to provide...

Corfe Castle Ruins The remnants of Corfe Castle continue to stand strong a thousand years to the day that the first foundation was laid. Its tenure over the land has witnessed the shifting of time from the period of William the Conqueror (1066-1087) towards that of Richard I (1189-1199) and numerous other famous royals. Despite the partial destruction in 1646, Corfe’s colourful history had already been written and continues to be a favourite landmark for adults and children a