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Painting of Benito Mussolini by Gerardo Dottori, 1933 The question of whether Mussolini prevented Italy from becoming communist state requires an exploration of his rise to power and the role of anti-communism in his fascist regime. Mussolini’s political ascent was marked by a fierce opposition to the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) and other leftist movements, which he and his fascist ‘Blackshirts’ actively suppressed through violence, intimidation, and propaganda. Anti-commun

Police Attack Demonstrators in Sharpeville, March 21, 1960 Apartheid, meaning ‘apartness’ in Afrikaans, refers to the system of racial segregation enforced in South Africa between 1948 and the mid-1990s. Though formally introduced by the National Party in 1948, racial segregation had long been part of South Africa’s history. Apartheid laws imposed severe restrictions on the daily lives of non-white South Africans, from ‘pass laws’ that required them to carry permits to enter

German soldiers on the way to the Western Front in 1914. Messages on the car read: ‘Trip to Paris’, ‘See you later on the Boulevard’, ‘Off to battle’ and ‘My sword tip is itching’. ‘The Spirit of 1914’ is a term used to describe the supposed war fever that gripped Europe at the outbreak of the First World War. It suggests that the public, especially young men and boys, felt great excitement at the prospect of war and fighting for one’s country. The Nazi party later used the ‘

A Day in History - 18th July 1925 Following his conviction for high treason against the German Republic in the Beer Hall Putsch of 1923, Adolf Hitler was sentenced to five years imprisonment in Landsberg prison. During his time, of which he only served nine months, Hitler began to dictate Volume One of his autobiographical piece - initially titled 4 ½ Jahre Kampf gegen Lüge, Dummheit und Feigheit. Eine Abrechnung (4 ½ Years of Struggle against Lies, Stupidity and Cowardice.

The Empire (depicted in red) in 1886, by Walter Crane Hans Kohn explains the idea of nationhood rose to prominence in the seventeenth century, with the growth of political thought and participation. [1] This idea is described as a greater sense of loyalty to the nation, one which was governed over by political parties, in Great Britain being the Liberals, the Conservatives and the Labour Party. The focus will start at the period of imperialism and sovereignty under the Liber

Death March (Czechowice-Bielsko, January 1945), 1945, Jan Hartman The Holocaust was the act of genocide of 6 million Jews during World War 2 by Nazi Germany. To discuss whether this was inevitable by 1933, one must analyse the policies of Hitler and the party by this period. These were underpinned by the views seen in Mein Kampf, which clarifies Adolf Hitlers' hatred of the Jews to a significant extent yet fails when using it as an argument towards the inevitability of the Ho

Medieval illustration of serfs harvesting wheat Serfdom, a medieval term, is commonly described as the condition in which a tenant farmer was bound to a hereditary plot of land and the will of his landlord. [1] They obtained their subsistence by farming a plot of land owned by these aforementioned lords, thus differing from slaves who were bought and sold without reference to this land, yet still having a lack of personal freedoms held by freemen. This study will mainly focu

A demonstrator blocking tanks near Tiananmen Square, 1989 To assess whether China’s rise post-Mao was peaceful, one will look at the position within China both internally and externally, from Mao Zedong’s death in 1976. Classically described as the ‘peaceful rise’ from Deng Xiaoping onwards, the emphasis internally was based on economic development and policies relating to an alleviation of poverty. With the remarkable growth within these areas came the expression within the

George Washington with slaves on his Mount Vernon estate. Credit: MPI/Getty Images The American Revolution, 1765-83, was a political revolution which focussed on gaining autonomy from the British and significantly regaining the right to control property, including slaves. In one respect, the revolution reinforced American commitment to slavery, as the Southern States continued to reject emancipation and succeeded in strengthening the institution. Slave owners were able to mak

Tim Robbins and Morgan Freeman as Andy Dufresne and Red in the Shawshank Redemption This study will compare the American penal system from 1940 to 1970, seen in Frank Darabont’s 1994 picture, The Shawshank Redemption and in written academic history. The comparison will be shown with an emphasis on rehabilitation, change within the legal system and the way of prison life within this period. The idea of rehabilitation is rooted strongly within the film relating to developments

Manchester City win their first Premier League title courtesy of a Sergio Aguero 93rd-minute winner against QPR A Day in History - 13th May 2012 Heading into the final game of the 2011/12 season, the race for the Premier League title was the closest it had been for a long year. Manchester City topped the standings on 86 points with city rivals Manchester United 8 behind on goal difference. Essentially, Roberto Mancini and his City players knew that if they won, they would be

A Day in History - 16th April 1945 Colditz Castle is arguably the most infamous of all POW camps. Declared as 'escape-proof' by Field...

The touring England cricket side which played the first ever test series in Australia, 1887/88 (Photo by Bob Thomas/Popperfoto/Getty...

A Day in History - 19th January 1983 Nikolaus 'Klaus' Barbie was a member of the Nazi Gestapo who worked in the German-occupied...

The ‘Age of Atlantic Revolution’ describes the period between 1775 and 1825 that created a revolutionary wave promoting ideals of...